Did King Ashoka Have Different Names?
King Ashoka, commonly known as Ashoka the Great, the third Mauryan emperor of Magadha, was a historical figure whose reign is marked by significant cultural and political advancements. However, many are surprised to learn that Ashoka had different names throughout his life and reign. This article explores the various names he used and provides insights into the context behind these names.
Historical Names of King Ashoka
According to the Puranas, which are important Hindu epics, King Ashoka had two primary names: Devanampiya and Devanan Priyadarshi.
Devanampiya can be translated as ' beloved of the gods,' while Devanan Priyadarshi means 'he who is beloved by the gods.' These names reflect the reverence and divinity associated with King Ashoka, highlighting his status as a ruler who was highly respected and well-regarded by the subjects and deities.
Further Titles and Names
King Ashoka also had other notable titles and names, including Ashoka the Great.
Ashoka the Great is a term that suggests his significant contributions to history and civilization. It refers to his extensive conquests, the promotion of peace, and his conversion to Buddhism.
Chakravartin Samrat Ashoka is another name used to refer to Ashoka. Chakravartin, often translated as 'world conqueror,' emphasizes his vast rule over a large empire. Samrat is a Sanskrit term meaning 'supreme ruler' or 'emperor.' Together, this title highlights Ashoka's dominance and power over a significant portion of the ancient Indian subcontinent.
Birth Name and Early Titles
King Ashoka's birth name was Ashoka Maurya. This name is often the starting point for understanding the historical figure, as it reflects his ancestral lineage and status within the Mauryan dynasty. Ashoka's childhood and early years were marked by the expectations of an heir to the throne, which is evident from his birth name.
As Ashoka grew into adulthood and matured into a powerful ruler, he adopted the title Devanampiya Piyadasi. Devanampiya Piyadasi is a complex compound name, with Piyadasi meaning 'he whose face is dear' or 'fond.' Devanampiya reiterates his connection to the divine, as previously noted. This title reflects a deep respect and affection for the ruler, perhaps underlining his caring nature and devotion.
Later in his life, especially after his conversion to Buddhism, Ashoka adopted the name Dharma Ashoka. This title translates to 'Ashoka the Dharma.' Dharma in this context refers to the teachings of Buddhism, suggesting a profound shift in his personal beliefs and governance. This name emphasizes his commitment to religious and moral principles, reflecting the profound impact Buddhism had on his life.
Conclusion
King Ashoka, while most commonly known as Ashoka the Great, is a multifaceted historical figure with multiple names and titles. These names reflect his historical context, his personal beliefs, and the significant role he played in the development of ancient Indian civilization. From the revered Devanampiya Piyadasi to the Dharma Ashoka who guided his subjects with Buddhist teachings, Ashoka's names tell a story of transformation, wisdom, and possibly, a deepening spiritual quest.
Understanding these names and their implications provides a more nuanced view of this influential ruler who left an indelible mark on history.