Why Do Shias Curtsey Ayesha, Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman During Prayers?
In Islam, the blessing of forbidding cursing serves as a fundamental value, implying that any form of denigration of divine figures or individuals is a misconception. Many misinterpret the Shia practice of invoking Lanah (curse) upon certain historical figures as a form of cursing them.
However, the act of invoking Lanah, which is referred to as Tabarrah, is a significant practice among Shias. It is not meant to curse but rather to invoke Allah's divine curse on individuals who are considered disrespectful or those who have committed wrongdoings against the Ahlul Bayt (the family of the Prophet).
Understanding Shia Tabarrah
Tabarrah, a deeply rooted Shia practice, involves reciting invocations to denounce those who disrespected or wronged the Ahlul Bayt, particularly the first three caliphs Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman, as well as Aisha, the Prophet's wife. This practice is rooted in the belief that these individuals were guilty of transgressions against those who were to be protected by the Prophet's teachings.
For instance, Aisha is often the target of such invocations due to her known jealousy and negative attitude towards the Ahlul Bayt, which is documented in various Sunni and Shia literature. This is reflected in the Quranic verse:
Perhaps if he were to divorce you all his Lord would replace you with better wives who are submissive to Allah, faithful to Him, devout, repentant, and dedicated to worship and fasting—previously married or virgins. (Quran, Surah Tawbah, 9:66)
The reference to Aisha's behavior in comparison to other wives highlights that she was not entirely faithful or submissive to Allah. Similarly, the Battle of Jamal, where Aisha faced off against Imam Ali, is a historical event that supports the common belief that Imam Ali is correct in his stance.
Historical Context and Misunderstandings
Shia practices often arise from a complex historical context that includes the persecution and marginalization of the Ahlul Bayt. The selection of leaders, such as Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman, as successors to the Prophet Muhammad, led to internal conflicts and political maneuvers. Shia doctrine asserts that these leaders took advantage of the situation to elevate their positions, often at the expense of authentic successors like Imam Ali.
The actions of these caliphs, especially their recording and burning of the Quran, are also frequently criticized. While it is true that the Quran was revealed over many years, the act of compiling it later by individuals like Zayd bin Thabit from various sources has led to debates about authenticity. The burning of original manuscripts by Uthman, in 651 CE, is often seen by Shias as an attempt to eliminate evidence of any alterations or additions to the holy text.
The Political Dimension of Religion
The historical and religious practices of Shias reflect a deep-seated skepticism towards leadership in Islam, particularly those who came after the Prophet. The belief that some caliphs manipulated events for their own gain remains a fundamental element of Shia theology.
It is important to note that these practices are not about cursing but are deeply rooted in the belief system and history of the Shia community. The invocations are meant to serve as a reminder of the need to uphold the divinely appointed leadership and protect the Ahlul Bayt.
Understanding these practices requires a comprehensive knowledge of the historical and religious contexts, as well as an open-minded approach to understanding diverse theological viewpoints.
Conclusion
Shia practices, particularly the invocation of Tabarrah, are misunderstood when seen purely in the context of cursing. These practices are rooted in a history of perceived wrongdoings and are a means of invoking divine guidance and protection. The role of individuals like Aisha, Abu Bakr, Omar, and Uthman in Islamic history is a subject of much debate, and the Shia community's perspective on them reflects a deep-seated belief in the preservation of the true Islamic path.