The Ancient Russian Name for Moscow: A Historical Journey
When one delves into the history of Moscow, the question inevitably arises: what was Moscow called before? This article aims to uncover the various names that this capital city of Russia went by over the centuries, from the earliest known recordings to the modern-day name.
Introduction to Historical Names of Moscow
The query about the name of Moscow can easily lead to some humorous and unnecessary questions, such as What was Moscow called before last Tuesday? or What was Moscow called the last time you jerked yourself off? While these kinds of questions are not helpful, they nonetheless highlight the significance of historical records and linguistic evolution.
The Early English Name: 'Mosco'
Tracing the origins of the name Moscow begins with the earliest known English name for the city, which is 'Mosco.' This name reflects the early recordings and the linguistic diversity of the region before the city gained prominence.
The Earliest Russian Name: 'Moskov'
By contrast, the earliest known Russian name for Moscow is 'Moskov.' This name appears in historical records, marking a crucial point in the city's early development. As the name 'Moskov' evolved into 'Moskva,' it became the modern Russian name for the city. The exact etymology of 'Moskva' remains a subject of debate among historians and linguists.
Etymology of 'Moskva'
The etymology of 'Moskva' is not definitively clear, but there are several theories. Some sources propose that the name originated from Finno-Ugric languages, meaning 'marshy boggy place.' Others suggest a Baltic origin, where 'maskava' means 'marshy boggy place.' Both theories are based on the geography and settlement patterns of the area.
Before the arrival of the Slavic people, the Finno-Ugric and Baltic tribes inhabited the region, likely naming the area after its natural features. As Slavic tribes migrated into the area, the name 'Moskva' became more prominent and the city itself grew in significance.
The Founding of Moscow
The city of Moscow was founded in 1147, according to the earliest documented chronicle. Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, a prince from the Rurik dynasty, met with his ally Prince Svyatoslav Olgovich in Moskov (the modern-day 'Moscow'). The chronicle records:
Come to me brother to Moskov. Svyatoslav then rode to him with his son Oleg.
However, the location was not initially called 'Moskov' exclusively. The area was also known as 'Kuchkovo,' named after the Boyar (nobleman) Kuchka who owned the land. Many villages in the region bore the name 'Kuchkovo,' reflecting the local social structure and land ownership patterns.
The Development of Moscow
The fortress of Moscow was built around 1156 by Prince Yuri Dolgoruky, turning the settlement into a significant stronghold. This was a turning point in the city's history, marking its establishment as a proper urban then, the city has been called 'Moskva' and has evolved into the capital of Russia with its modern name.
From its founding, the city of Moscow has undergone numerous changes. Understanding its historical names helps us appreciate the city's rich cultural and historical heritage. Whether you are a native Russian or an international visitor, the name 'Moskva' signifies a journey through time, from its early origins to its current status as the heart of Russia.
For further reading on the history of Moscow, the evolution of its name, and the cultural significance of its development, one can consult the extensive resources available online and in libraries.