The Biblical Interpretation of 'Servant' in the Greek Language
The concept of servanthood, often translated from the Greek word doulos and diakonos, is a central theme in the Bible. This article explores the nuances of these terms in their biblical context and their significance for modern-day Christians.
Understanding the Greek Terms for Servant
Two significant Greek words are used to describe the concept of servanthood in the Bible: doulos and diakonos. The meanings and contexts in which these words are used reveal fascinating insights into the biblical understanding of servanthood.
The Greek Word doulos
Doulos is the Greek word for 'servant' that carries the connotation of slavery. In biblical times, a doulos was a person who belonged to another, often purchased or enslaved. The term is used in both literal and figurative senses, representing individuals in literal slavery as well as spiritual bondage to sin. The word also appears in reference to devotees of God, human servants, and even angelic beings.
John MacArthur defines a doulos as 'a person who was literally owned by a master who could legally force him to work without wages.' (The Gospel According to Jesus). In the biblical context, a doulos was typically forced into servitude without choice, and their status often involved involuntary servitude and harsh treatment.
The Greek Word diakonos
Diakonos, on the other hand, refers to a servant who voluntarily chooses to serve another. Unlike doulos, diakonos emphasizes the act of service rather than the status of servitude. This term is used to describe ministers, attendants, and even Jesus' own ministry.
The word diakonos literally means 'to wait at table,' which underscores the role of a servant in serving others through practical and direct actions. This term is also used to describe the role of a deacon within the Christian church, highlighting the importance of voluntary service in the body of Christ.
Application of Servanthood in Scripture
Both doulos and diakonos are used in the biblical text to convey the importance of servanthood. For instance, in Matthew 20:25-28 (NASB), Jesus clearly differentiates between the ways of the world and the ways of his followers. He contrasts the rulers and great men who exercise authority over others with his own model of servanthood.
Matthew 20:25-28 (NASB) reads:
25. But Jesus called them to Himself and said, ‘You know that the rulers of the Gentiles lord it over them, and their great men exercise authority over them. 26. ‘It is not this way among you, but whoever wishes to become great among you must be your servant, 27. and whoever wishes to be first among you must be your servant 28. just as the Son of Man did not come to be served but to serve and to give His life a ransom for many.’
Here, Jesus uses the term diakonos for the voluntary and chosen role of servant, while he contrasts it with doulos for those forced into servitude. This teaching emphasizes the voluntary aspect of serving and shows that true servanthood involves putting others first and serving them, rather than seeking to control or dominate them.
Modern Relevance of Biblical Servanthood
The principles of servanthood described in the Bible have profound implications for contemporary Christian practice. The transformation from seeking to be a ruler or a slave to becoming a voluntary servant is a central theme in Jesus' teachings. This shift encourages Christians to embrace a life of serving others, thereby embodying the spirit of Christ.
By adopting a mindset of servanthood, Christians can break free from the cycles of pride and individualism that often characterize modern life. Instead, they can focus on the needs of the community, work to uplift others, and demonstrate the love and compassion of Christ.
Conclusion
The Greek words doulos and diakonos encapsulate the essence of servanthood in the Bible, inspiring believers to embrace a life of voluntary service and humility. Through the lens of biblical servanthood, Christians are called to embody the selfless and sacrificial life exemplified by Jesus. This concept remains a powerful force for transformation and unity in the Christian community.