USS Chicago CA-29: A Valiant Cruiser in World War II
The USS Chicago, officially classified as California-29, rose from the waves as a formidable Northampton class heavy cruiser in the United States Navy. Commissioned in March 1931, the USS Chicago is a testament to the naval engineering of the early 20th century. This article delves into the operational history and significance of this powerful vessel, detailing her advancements, daring engagements, and ultimate fate during the tumultuous years of World War II.
Technical Specifications
The USS Chicago remained one of the largest and most capable cruisers of her time. Measuring 600 feet (183 meters) in length and 66 feet (20 meters) in width, the USS Chicago displaced a hefty 9,449 tons when fully loaded. Her propulsion was formidable, capable of achieving a remarkable 32.7 knots, with a cruising range of 12,000 miles (19,000 kilometers) at 15 knots. The USS Chicago featured a robust armor system with a 3-3.75 millimeter (76-95 millimeters) belt and a 1-2 inch (25-51 millimeters) deck, providing significant protection.
Interwar Years
During the interwar period, the USS Chicago engaged in a variety of activities. She saw numerous patrols, foreign voyages, and participated in war games. These were mainly peaceful endeavors, though 1934 brought a moment of excitement when USS Chicago collided with the freighter Silver Palm. Despite this minor incident, the cruiser continued her duties without significant mishap until the outbreak of World War II.
Varied Service in World War II
The USS Chicago would soon find herself thrust into the heart of combat. After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, bringing the United States into the conflict, USS Chicago played a crucial role in several notable engagements. She participated in shore bombardment operations in New Guinea, ensuring the success of allied landings. In the pivotal Battle of the Coral Sea, USS Chicago provided crucial support, albeit under heavy fire, receiving only "minor" damage from IJN machine gun attacks.
Catastrophic Battles and Final Days
In August 1942, during the Battle of Savo Island, USS Chicago faced a more severe challenge. Led by Admiral Mikawa aboard the heavily armored Chokai, the Japanese forces caught the allied ships by surprise. USS Chicago suffered a devastating torpedo hit from the cruiser Kako, which blew off the bow of the cruiser. This battle marked a significant loss for the USS Chicago, as she failed to score a single hit with her primary armament. The cruiser was forced to retreat and was later attacked by a Japanese midget submarine, though the torpedoes missed and sank the troop ferry Kuttabul instead.
Final Days and Loss
The USS Chicago managed to return to her base, though her time as a formidable force had waned. By October 1942, she was under repair and in preparation for renewed service. On January 22, 1943, USS Chicago faced a devastating blow when she was encountered by land-based air attacks during the escort of a convoy to Guadalcanal. The cruiser was hit by two 17.7-inch (45 cm) torpedoes, setting her ablaze and leaving her severely disabled. The next day, more bombing dives finished off what remained of her, and she sank within 20 minutes.
Conclusion
The USS Chicago remains a iconic name in naval history, representing both the might and the sacrifices made during one of the most significant conflicts in human history. Through her involvement in numerous battles and operations, the cruiser embodied resilience and bravery, characteristics that continue to inspire military leaders and enthusiasts alike.