What is Libertarianism and Its Variations?
The term ldquo;libertarianrdquo; in the United States has taken on a unique meaning, distinct from its original usage. After World War II, American advocates of right-wing laissez-faire liberalism adopted the label ldquo;libertarianrdquo; to differentiate themselves from the ldquo;liberalismrdquo; that had come to signify support for social reform and welfare measures to mitigate the harsh realities of capitalism. Historically, the term ldquo;libertarianrdquo; was associated with libertarian socialists—think anarchists, syndicalists, and autonomists.
The Right-Wing Takeover of the Label
The right-wing borrowing of the term ldquo;libertarianrdquo; became feasible due to the decline of anarchism and syndicalism in the years following World War II. The defeat of the Spanish Revolution and the adoption of social welfare policies like universal healthcare by European elites contributed to this shift. In the U.S., the concept of ldquo;libertarianismrdquo; has been defined more closely with a laissez-faire, social Darwinist ideology deeply rooted in American history and reality.
The Foundations of Right-Wing Libertarianism
The American view of ldquo;libertarianismrdquo; is deeply rooted in the US’s founding principles, which were heavily influenced by racist and patriarchal capitalism, rooted in the long-standing nature of white supremacy. This made social Darwinism popular among white people from the 1870s through the 1920s. These views advocate for minimal government intervention to address social issues or address inequalities, often promoting a ldquo;sink or swimrdquo; mentality and a hyper-individualist approach.
Demographic Factors Contributing to the Popularity of Right-Wing Libertarianism
Right-wing libertarianism has greater support in the USA due to certain demographic factors. Extensive racial animus among the white population often results in opposition to any public benefit systems that could aid marginalized groups. This anti-solidarity stance resonates particularly with white small business owners and the middle class, who see government support as a hindrance to the success of their enterprises. Moreover, this ideology has found a strong revival within the Republican party, indicating a lasting appeal to specific voter demographics.
Contrasting Views in Europe
In Europe, the original meaning of ldquo;libertarianrdquo; remains more familiar. Europeans, generally, have a different perspective on the concept. They are less tolerant of laissez-faire and social Darwinist ideologies, and often view these beliefs with disdain. This divergence in attitudes is rooted in historical and cultural differences, as well as contrasting economic and political systems.
Impact on Working-Class Freedom
Right-wing libertarians in the USA are not interested in providing freedom to the working class. Instead, they support the rights and power of the capitalist owning class and often view the exploitation of workers as a necessary evil. The idea of helping the working class through social support systems is contrary to their beliefs, as they see the indigence of the working class as beneficial for the business elite. In fact, social welfare systems like free healthcare do not undermine the freedom of the working class; rather, they empower them to seek alternatives and improve their lives.
The differences between the right-wing libertarianism in the USA and the European perspective highlight the varying social and political contexts that shape this ideology. Understanding these nuances is crucial for anyone seeking to explore the global landscape of libertarianism and its impact on different societies.